1. DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN VIETNAM
In the progress of renovation of Vietnam, the formation and development of industrial zones (IZs), export processing zones and economic zones have created a driving force to promote the industrialization and modernization of Vietnam. By the end of 2020, the country had 366 industrial parks established, attracting more than 15,000 domestic and foreign investment projects with registered capital of 970 trillion domestic investment capital and more than 145 billion USD of investment capital.
In the context of international integration and the development of the technology 4.0 revolution, Vietnam have to innovate, restructure and improve the model of industrial zones to catch up with the global trend. The development of industrial zones in Vietnam are supposed to ensure the harmony of interests, long-term, take socio-economic efficiency, environmental protection and sustainable development.
According to UNIDO (2015), out of more than 1,000 economic zones (EZs) in ASEAN countries, there are 893 industrial zones, 84 special economic zones, 25 high-tech zones (KCNC), only two biotechnology zones and a creative park. In Vietnam, according to data from the Department of Economic Zones Management - Ministry of Planning and Investment, by the end of 2020, there are 366 industrial zones established nationwide with a total natural area of more than 93 thousand hectares, accounting for 68%.
In which, there are 250 industrial zones in operation with a total natural land area of 68,000 hectares and 76 industrial zones in the compensation, site clearance and basic construction period with a natural area of 25,000 ha. For economic zones, 18 coastal economic zones have been established with a total natural land and water surface area of more than 845 thousand hectares.
Accumulatively by the end of 2019, the industrial zones and economic zones across the country attracted about 7,500 domestic investment projects with a total registered capital of nearly 970 trillion VND and about 8,000 projects with foreign investment capital. Total registered investment capital is estimated at more than 145 billion USD. The occupancy rate of industrial zones reaches 73%.
In the context of international integration and the development of the technology 4.0 revolution, Vietnam have to innovate, restructure and improve the model of industrial zones to catch up with the global trend. The development of industrial zones in Vietnam are supposed to ensure the harmony of interests, long-term, take socio-economic efficiency, environmental protection and sustainable development.
According to UNIDO (2015), out of more than 1,000 economic zones (EZs) in ASEAN countries, there are 893 industrial zones, 84 special economic zones, 25 high-tech zones (KCNC), only two biotechnology zones and a creative park. In Vietnam, according to data from the Department of Economic Zones Management - Ministry of Planning and Investment, by the end of 2020, there are 366 industrial zones established nationwide with a total natural area of more than 93 thousand hectares, accounting for 68%.
In which, there are 250 industrial zones in operation with a total natural land area of 68,000 hectares and 76 industrial zones in the compensation, site clearance and basic construction period with a natural area of 25,000 ha. For economic zones, 18 coastal economic zones have been established with a total natural land and water surface area of more than 845 thousand hectares.
Accumulatively by the end of 2019, the industrial zones and economic zones across the country attracted about 7,500 domestic investment projects with a total registered capital of nearly 970 trillion VND and about 8,000 projects with foreign investment capital. Total registered investment capital is estimated at more than 145 billion USD. The occupancy rate of industrial zones reaches 73%.
2. MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN VIETNAM
According to Decree 82/2018/ND-CP dated 22/5/2018 of Vietnamese Government, there are three types of industrial zones in Vietnam, including: Export Processing Zones, Supporting Industrial Parks, Ecological Industrial Parks. There are two popular investment models:
- The industrial park develops in form of investment into infrastructure of industrial zones and then leasing. These Industrial zones have limited regulations on using civil land in Industrial zones, affecting the provision of housing services for professionals, and commercial services in the industrial zone.
- Industrial zones are devloped under a closed model implemented by an investor who shall be in charge of developing industrial zones with housing for workers, commercial services in the industrial park.
- The industrial park develops in form of investment into infrastructure of industrial zones and then leasing. These Industrial zones have limited regulations on using civil land in Industrial zones, affecting the provision of housing services for professionals, and commercial services in the industrial zone.
- Industrial zones are devloped under a closed model implemented by an investor who shall be in charge of developing industrial zones with housing for workers, commercial services in the industrial park.
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